Dog Cancer and the Malaria Drug Artemisinin
By Dr. DresslerThere is a bit of excitement about Artemisinin in osteosarcoma (the most common bone cancer) care for dogs these days, so I thought I should give you some thoughts.
Artemisinin is used for malaria infections. It is derived from the sweet wormwood, which has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine for fever. Presumably things causing fevers (like malaria) would be killed by this herb.
Recently there is interest in artemisinin and related compounds for potential cancer care in dogs. This was started, I believe, in the late nineties due to some personal anecdotes and some science being done in Seattle by Drs Lai and Singh, at University of Washington. Discussion boards on Yahoo and the like spread the word.
It is likely that some of the initial anecdotes were from dog lovers owning dogs with osteosarcoma. This caused a stir in the osteosarcoma community, but the publications so far do not limit artemisinin’s effect to bone cancer cells. Other cancer cells have been evaluated, with some support. However, much of the evidence is from in vitro (test tube) studies, but there are some limited in vivo (in living bodies) data. More on this later.
The way this stuff is suspected to work is by oxidizing iron. Cancer cells take up more iron than normal body cells. The iron gets in through a protein channel called transferrin. The cancer cells have a higher requirement to sustain all the dividing they do.
Oxidized iron, in this form, is pretty reactive. The process turns the iron into a free radical, which reacts with parts of the cancer cell to cause injury. This is one way that artemisinin is supposed to work. Since normal body cells have much less iron, the are less affected by this damage.
It also seems to have the ability to slow the development of the growth of new blood vessels around tumors. Tumors need to be fed because they have very high metabolic demands as they grow a lot. So they cause the body to grow new arteries and veins to feed themselves. This process is called angiogenesis.
Turns out there is pretty good evidence artemisinin slows this process by shutting down the genes that create the new blood vessels. Turn off the genes, turn of the process, less cancer food supply.
We’ll look a bit more at artemisinin in the next post.
Best,
Dr Dressler
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16 Comments
January 26th, 2009 at 8:18 am
Hello,
Good to see someone speaking out with science instead of pharma salesgirl presentations. Thank you for offering something that actually has the potential to kill some of the cancer stem cells, which pump out chemo, and are responsible for the mets.
Have you considered dichloroacetate (DCA)for dogs? This site has some very interesting information on DCA.
Also, my website has some research posted on artemisinin from the U. of Wasahington. They called it a magic bullet against cancer. They are currently working to combine it with transferrin outside the body to “increase the selectivity of killing” by a huge amount. It also will allow them to patent it of course.
Also on the DCA site is another compound used for mesothelioma, it changes the ratio of copper to zinc from 5 to 1 (cancer), to 1 to 5 (normal)
The interesting thing about DCA is that it reverts cancer cells to aerobic glycolysis. Cancer cells run on anaerobic glycolysis and thats why they show up on a PET scan so well. Cancers way of processing sugar is fast but very inefficient, so that’s why the radioactive sugar compounds show up so well in PET scans. (Mohammed Kashani-Sabet et al UCSF) So reverting the cells to aerobic glycolysis won’t support cancers programmed growth rate. This might conflict with artemisinin which relies on the fast growth rate and high iron demand to kill the cells. Perhaps pets could be given a small dose of it during their artemisinin off weeks.
Feel free to contact me Dr. Dressler, and thank you for this good information.
Robert Smith
January 26th, 2009 at 8:22 am
Here is the DCA site, http://www.thedcasite.com
Here is my rough site of notes and studies:
http://www.geocities.com/prime3end
January 27th, 2009 at 3:47 pm
Hi,
I am trying the artemisinin on my siberian husky, Buster. He was diagnosed with a chrondrosarcoma in April of 08. Had his leg amputated as a result of the tumor. It was to be low grade, stage 1 with only a 25% chance of it spreading.(chemo & radiation resistant according to Univ of Penn) X-rays as of 12/23 shows it has spread to his lungs.
I am also trying Avemar.. have you heard of this? It is to reduce the glucose uptake of tumor cells. Would this conflict with the artemisinin if given far apart? (12 hr time difference)
I have heard, not to give with vitamin C… within a 2hr time frame.
January 29th, 2009 at 11:43 am
Lots of good stuff below, the culmination of years of looking. There are probably 100 ways to treat cancer without killing the patient. Nobody will take the risk. The physicians financial/legal security is given more important than the patient living or dying, even when they know the diagnosis is fatal. The drug companies profit more important than a cure. The costs of trials to bring most curative treatments to patients are impossible to fund unless they are patentable by pharma. My Thanks to the friends who helped me with this list.
DCA::
The first one is on dichloroacetate, used experimentally to restore normal sugar utilization in babies born with a rare cell metabolic disorder,, and experimentally to attempt to restore function to heart cells that have gone senescent (Dr. Mikelakis, U of Alberta). He has a brain cancer trial.
The site details people who are taking the chemical in water at various dosages and with other supplemental. The site ,, on the left side,,has an interesting copper chelator that has low toxicity and there are claims that copper chelation stops mesothelioma. But the chemicals here have patents that ran out years ago, so no drug company will sponsor the $200 million dollar clinical trials required by FDA. DCA does have side effects which are fairly well studied, confusion, loss of gait, peripheral neuropathy, even death if one ignores the side effects. Simply quit taking it when effects tell you to. Its a daily oral dose in water. But the side effects are generally reversible with time, sometimes in only a few days. People here are using it with chemo. U of Alberta is doing a brain cancer human trial, and the Medicore clinic in Toronto is giving it to their patients with government approval or at least tolerance. http://www.thedcasite.com
LDN
Here is that info on LDN – there are tons of links on these posts. The doc in Scotland who is using LDN for MS is Dr. Tom Gilhooly – the conference will be in Europe for the first time next spring:
LDN is used to treat addiction at doses of 50 to 75mg , here its used at only 5mg.
http://www.glasgowldn2009.com
Here is the Mercola link (many of the comments below his article are also interesting):
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/01/06/can-ldn-really-help-multiple-sclerosis-rheumatoid-arthritis-and-other-autoimmune-diseases.aspx
Here is the latest thread on the DCA forum:
http://www.thedcasite.com/dcaforum/DCForumID10/374.html
From all I’ve read about LDN, I really think this stuff could help you – it enhances immune function. There is a forum for LDN, maybe you could post there to find a doctor near you who’s used it for MS.
My friends sister is seeing her breast lump shrink using this, she refuses biopsy:::::::::
“”"I really think it is fantastic stuff – my mom, sis and dad are all taking it for various things – arthritis, prostate cancer, immune boost… my sister may have breast cancer. She’s going to treat this as though she has it, (supplements, diet, LDN, monitoring) but not have a potentially cancer spreading biopsy done. The suspicious lump seems to be shrinking now.”"”
LDN has also been used with lung cancer. I think probably 50% or more of the population could benefit in some way from LDN. I mean there are really no side effects, except a stronger immune system. Who couldn’t use that?
Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn
Here is Dr. Blackburn’s website, she won the Lasker Prize for discovery of telomerase 18 years ago, twice considered for Nobel in medicine, will win it when treatment results.
She details that around 60 genes associated with growth are switched to growth mode when telomerase is overexpressed as in cancer, and another 144 genes are also switched and they are still being studied. Telomerase is an enzyme which adds nucleotide repeats to the ends of DNA so they can live through the ravages of being ripped apart in cell divisions. The Hayflick limit is the number of times a cell can divide before the next cell division cuts into real DNA and kills the cell, or, offers the opportunity for a cancer episode.
Cancer cells evade death from the normal hayflic limit of 25-200 replications by overexpressing telomerase , which lengthens the telomere tails. They are like the protective ends on your shoelace which prevent the shoelace from coming apart. Emotional stress shortens telomeres as Blackburn found in her study of caregivers of sick children. The caregivers blood telomere lengths were measured and compared against the caregivers’ subjective assessment of their stress level at the time of each blood test. By contrast, one company is using a telomerase promoter, to actually lengthen telomeres in healthy cells to prevent aging and cancer. Even to reverse aging. Another company, http://www.geron.com
uses a telomerase promoter to grow gene-stable stem cells which will be used in human therapies to repair the pancreas in diabetes, repair heart wall damage, and repair spinal cords in the human trial just approved last week. Bush turned them down previously of course. Dr. Blackburn quit Bush’s bio-ethics panel, when she realized that science would be secondary relative to religious dogma. She was/is vocal about this, so bless her heart. Telomerase is a master cancer gene, switching many other genes to switch to cancer mode when telomerase is OVERexpressed probably due to a mutant telomerase.
Dr. Blackburn on wikipedia:::: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn
Dr. Blackburn’s website::: http://biochemistry.ucsf.edu/labs/blackburn/
Dr. Blackburn’s lecture::: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/discoveryseries/speaker.html?sid=31
Mohammed Kashani-Sabet detailed that in melanoma, cells switch to anaerobic glycolysis the moment telomerase is overexpressed, and, that by inhibiting telomerase he was able to see melanoma cells die and even regain normal pigmentation. He details that this discovery also illustrates why PET scans show metastasis so well. Because glycolysis uses so much sugar to support the energy needs of a cancer cell, that it takes in a lot of the radioactive sugar injected into PET scan patients. This is on my long messy website.
http://www.pnas.org/content/103/30/11306.abstract
8 glycolysis genes shut down when telomerase is inhibited: http://www.oncolink.org/resources/article.cfm?c=3&s=8&ss=23&Year=2006&Month=7&id=13312
Here is an interesting one, its on the DCA website but it’s a different approach completely. This reportedly allows the immune system to recognize cancer as an enemy. Cancer cells disable the immune system by a known mechanism, perhaps there is a fetal similarity with an exact mode of action but I’m not certain about how the fetus signals friend instead of foe to the immune system of the mother. http://www.thedcasite.com/Yamamoto_file/Yamamoto.html
Here is Dr. Robert A Weinberg who switches only a few genes and causes cancer in many human cell types, without using a carcinogen. It’s a tool used by many researchers around the world but is not being used by any EPA or government agency to determine if any of today’s chemicals cause switching of any of these very few genes.
One of the genes he turned on is the gene for telomerase, another he turns off,, is a tumor suppressor gene(maybe the one switched by sodium phosphate???) the other gene he uses is a mutated oncogene.
Dr. Weinberg’s MIT website: http://www.wi.mit.edu/research/faculty/weinberg.html
His winning of the Otto Warburg prize: http://www.openpr.com/pdf/28377/Prof-Robert-A-Weinberg-receives-the-Otto-Warburg-Medal-sponsored-by-QIAGEN.pdf
Dr. Laird, published in Nature Genetics, in 2008 “”"” Cancer is a disease of an embryonic stem cell”"”" link:
to his abstract in Nature Genetics::: http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v39/n2/abs/ng1941.html
press on the study:: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/uosc-usi010807.php
Artemisinin, the extract of the wormwood bark, called a magic bullet against cancer by the U. of Washington:
http://www.uwnews.org/article.asp?articleID=8139
A link to a little about Otto Warburg, the first link is most inclusive, , 1000 scientific papers and won a Nobel Prize,, what the heck!! :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg
http://www.gbm.uni-frankfurt.de/warburg-medal/en/
my website: http://www.geocities.com/prime3end some preventive and treatment researc articles and papers, very messy site.
January 30th, 2009 at 3:49 am
Hi Kim
Have you joined the yahoo artemisinin and cancer site, theres a lot of info on there from people treating their animals with Artemisinin, it’s very active and informative.
Pam
January 30th, 2009 at 6:45 pm
Kim,
there is no substantiated artemisinin protocol, only people’s best guesses and opinions. There have been no true clinical studies nor protocol development. So we are left with opinions, which is often what we deal with in cancer care.
Having said that, if you want to maximize Artemisinin effect, I would avoid Vit C by mouth all together. It does not reach the blood levels you need for cancer cell death anyway when taken by mouth. Please check out the post on Vit C in this blog.
I need to check on the Avemar thing, not sure.
I am sorry to hear that it spread with such a low probability of this occurring. Horrible.
Take care and try to give Buster what he needs during this difficult time. More ideas coming in the e-book which should be out soon.
D
January 30th, 2009 at 7:38 pm
Thanks! I’ll look into the DCA, already familiar with the transferrin stuff..
D
February 10th, 2009 at 5:00 pm
Check with Dr. Couto at Ohio State. I believe he is doing an artemisin study with greyhounds.
BTW, a direct injection of aqueous sodium bicarbonate into the tumor site also stops osteo in its tracks because it screws up the pH balance the cancer needs to live
September 6th, 2009 at 6:03 pm
I have a 12 year-ild Hungarian Vizsla with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. He was diagnosed two weeks ago and had surgery which managed to de-bulk 80% of the tumour, but the rest was inoperable because of its closeness to the ureter openings. my vet has put him on one capsule of Feldene (Piroxocam) a day with cytotec (stomach liner). I have started him on a capsule of Artimisinin a day. My vet is unsure how this would react with the Feldene. Is anyone able to provide me with this answer? I would be extremely grateful as I want Piccolo to have as much pain-free time as possible.
Thank you.
September 6th, 2009 at 6:03 pm
I have a 12 year-old Hungarian Vizsla with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. He was diagnosed two weeks ago and had surgery which managed to de-bulk 80% of the tumour, but the rest was inoperable because of its closeness to the ureter openings. my vet has put him on one capsule of Feldene (Piroxocam) a day with cytotec (stomach liner). I have started him on a capsule of Artimisinin a day. My vet is unsure how this would react with the Feldene. Is anyone able to provide me with this answer? I would be extremely grateful as I want Piccolo to have as much pain-free time as possible.
Thank you.
September 10th, 2009 at 8:42 am
Dear Patti,
in The Dog Cancer Survival Guide, you will learn that the survival of dogs with TCC of the bladder on Feldene, with or without surgery, is months. The question is, are we worried about losing the itty-bitty beneficial effect of the Feldene? Or are we worried about safety?
I know of now published or anecdotal interactions between the two drugs.
You may want to check out the webinars too, as many questions are answered:
http://www.mydogvet.com
Best of luck.
d
October 12th, 2009 at 4:06 am
Dear Dr. Dressler,
PLEASE HELP ME.
My dog Oreo, a 4-year old lab mix, was diagnosed with Osteosarcoma of the ribs on September 9. Back then, she was 56lbs and the tumor was approx. 5,5cm, and there were no visible mets in the lungs on the xrays. Upon a CT scan, mets were found in 5 lung lobes, and because of that, along with the fact that she was not showing any signs of pain, we opted out of the rib resection surgery. Our vet assured us that there would not be much benefit to removing the primary tumor if there are mets already present.
We immediately started her on carboplatin (September 15), along with her regular diet (she is on Hills Z/D food) and cottage cheese and flaxseed oil (we up’ed it slowly to 6 tbps of flaxseed oil a day). But her tumor kept on growing. Since she showed no side effects to the 1st chemo treatment, we did her 2nd treatment 2 weeks and 2 days after the first one (October 1). On that day, her oncologist sais he would probably switch the drug to doxorubicin on her next (3rd) treatment, as the tumor had grown.
On October 2, we also started giving her apricot seeds, along with small chuncks of pineapple. We grinded the seeds and worked her up to 6 a day (adding one a day), which happened last Thursday, October 8. She is now 58 – 60 lbs, and was walking in the neighborhood for 10 – 20 minutes a day. We have also been giving her vitamins (Nutri-Vet Milti-Vite and Health immune), along with liquid Nutri-Vet Probiotics with Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil.
On Friday, October 9, after feeding her the Z/D with 2 grinded apricot seed, walking her for 10 minutes and then giving her cottage cheese and flaxseed oil, she felt a bit restless all day – moving around from spot to spot within a few minutes. We had also been noicing over the last couple of weeks that her energy level had been decreasing gradually.
On Saturday, October 10, her energy seemed to go down considerably. She still ate, but was not as excited about the food as she normally is. Her stomach also felt a little “full” – like there was a small waterballoon in there, versus the normally flabby skin. Since I had walked her the day before within 15-20 minutes of her meal, I was worried about bloating, so I took her to the vet, who said she was not bloated.
On Saturday (October 10), her breathing pattern started to change – she was shallow breathing for most of the day, with not much play or exercise. Upon excitement, sometimes she would whimper – like she wanted to play but couldn’t.
Yesterday, October 11, she had diahrrea in the morning. No vomiting. Her breathing changed even more, like she was having a bit of difficulty. She also would not run or play as usual. I started worring this could be cyanide poisoning because of the apricot seeds, so I took her to the emergency room.
We did chest and belly xrays, and a blood test. Her white blood cell count was actually a bit high (they expected it to be low because of the chemo), so the vet started her on antibiotics. Her belly xray did not seem to show anything wrong, but her chest xrays showed the intensity of the cancer. We could not exacly determine the size, but it looks like her primary tumor (was originally on the 7th rib; now it looks like 7 – 9 ribs) looked like it was approximately 20cm in size (4 times the size of 1 month ago). She also had some fluid on her chest (not in the lungs), but not enough to tap it. She also seemed to have a mass that we could not identify 100%, but looks like it could be a met in the lung. The mass (if this is correct) is very significant now and my best guess is that it is around 5cm in diameter. I believe this may be why her breathing is not normal.
Upon arriving home last night, we also gave her some Tramadol, for possible pain. She slept without moving much, still shallow breathing, and if she lies on her side the breathing gets faster and louder. Standing up is not so bad.
I AM DESPERATE. It has only been one month, and I am not sure what else I can do.
This morning (October 12) I gave her 2 pills of 100mg Artemisinin, and will give one of Artemix at night. Is this the correct dosage, or should we be more aggressive for a 60 lbs dog? I read about doing this for 5 days, then not do it for 2. Is this what you would recommend?
Is Z/D ok with it? What about the antibiotic (she is now taking Metronidazole)? We are also not sure if we should do her next chemo treatment, as doxorubicin has many side effects.
Do you have ANY suggestions or ANYTHING we may try? PLEASE HELP!!!!
Thank you in advance.
Izabel & Oreo
October 17th, 2009 at 5:31 pm
Dear Izabel- this is very grim news. You are looking at referral to a surgeon who can handle en-bloc resection (large removal of body wall) and you should inquire as to the possibility of any oncologist in your area who might be involved or willing to do aerosolized platinum compound chemotherapy (inhaled by your loved pooch). It is dicey stuff for the oncologist involved but there are publications of an apparatus that can be constructed to get high concentration chemo into the lungs. You may also want to check into nebulized methyl jasmonate, also last resort stuff. Do a google search on it. It can be dissolved and used in a Vick’s nebulizer. Very, very experimental with no real veterinary (or human) track record but a good theoretical basis. It may also be time to start doing a life quality analysis, which is detailed in the e-book I wrote.
Best of luck,
D
October 23rd, 2009 at 11:46 am
Dr Dressler: Purchased your book about 3 months ago when our dog was dx’d w/hemangiosarcoma. It helped a lot and we had a good 2.5 months before having to put him to sleep. Sadly t say, my 14 yr old 60 lb female was dx’d with osteosarcoma. I have her on artemisinin. I am alos giving her piroxicam, and tramedol for pain. I want to start her on K-9 Immunity but am afraid that there may be a poor outcome due to the combination. I was wondering what you may think about this combo. I am considering amputation of her affected right front leg so as to maintain her pain free for as long as possible, but I am concerned about her age.
Her x-rays show no metastisis. I won’t do chemo but will continue artimisinin and k-9 Immunity (if that is a good combo).
Please, any ideas would be helpful.
Thank you.
Jo Anne
October 25th, 2009 at 8:10 am
Jo Anne,
sounds like you folks are really getting hit hard with dog cancer. I am so sorry. Remember that dogs over 10 have a 50-50 chance of dying from cancer, so you are not alone. Yes, art and K-9 immunity is fine. You also may want to tune in to the webinar on OSA today, which is recorded:
http://www.mydogvet.com
best
Dr D
October 25th, 2009 at 8:32 am
Dear Izabel,
I am sorry to hear this hard news. This week’s webinar is on OSA, and I thought it might help you since you have a pretty open-ended question that is tough to answer in a concise blog post. The webinar will be recorded:
http://www.mydogvet.com
Best,
Dr D